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Revenue Recognition and Lease Accounting Standards Insights

They are both hefty in size and complexity: The arrival of ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” ASC 842, “Leases,” was a long time coming, and their complexity was exacerbated by the fact that their initial implementation deadlines were practically back to back. Fortunately, for the privately held companies that have yet to implement the lease accounting standards and revenue recognition standards, or are in the process of implementing them, they can lean on early adopters’ experiences.

Both the lease accounting and the revenue recognition standards have been open to interpretation for awhile now. However, your finance team is likely to run into challenges as they consider how the guidance applies to your company’s unique situation and circumstances.

Changes to Revenue Recognition Accounting: ASC 606

First, the basics: What is the revenue recognition accounting standard? At over 700 pages, ASC 606 shook up how companies recognized revenue—previous guidance was different for different industries and involved lots of bright lines. With one standard to follow now for revenue recognition accounting and more principles-based guidance, companies are directed to focus on a core concept: Recognition of revenue for goods and services happens when control is passed on to the customer.

The standard calls on companies to follow a five-step process when recognizing revenue: (1) identify the contract; (2) identify the separate performance obligations; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocation the transaction price to separate performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when each separate performance obligation is delivered.

The changes to the revenue recognition accounting resulted in some companies re-evaluating their revenue recognition policy and making changes to the structure of their contracts and related processes.

Implementation Challenges of the Revenue Recognition Standards

For companies new to ASC 606 as they bring their company in line with GAAP, revenue accounting has always been one of most scrutinized areas and needs to be done with great care.

As your company works through it, you’ll need to gather a lot of data around the company around the timing and scope of goods and services that are promised to customers. Practical methodologies will need to be developed for making variable consideration estimates. And disclosures and processes around disclosures will need to be created. Many disclosures will center on a key difference between this standard and old revenue recognition standards—because there is more judgment allowed, you’ll need to be forthcoming about how you arrived at your judgement calls when looking at revenue. For instance, you’ll need to disclose any significant adjustments involved in identifying performance obligations.

Changes to Lease Accounting: ASC 842

What is the lease accounting standard? Private companies have until January 2022 to implement ASC 842, which calls on companies to bring their right-of-use assets and associated obligations onto the balance sheet, and out of the footnotes. Companies that have already gone through this process quickly saw their balance sheet get weighed down, as putting operating leases on their balance sheet make them appear more leveraged than under historical GAAP. The idea behind ASC 842 was to give a clearer view of companies’ leasing activities, and it has made companies evaluate their finance lease accounting, capital lease accounting and operating lease accounting as a result.

Implementation Challenges of the Lease Accounting Standards

Taking on the lease accounting standard can be incredibly challenging for companies that have not centralized their leasing processes. If different parts of your company have made agreements along the way, as your company grew, you could be in for some surprises for the type and number of deals your company has made that fall under this guidance.

Like the revenue recognition standard, once you start getting a handle on your company’s many leases, you may want to revisit how leasing contracts are structured and build processes around that. To ease the workload and to make sure the company is making the right decisions for the long term, lease accounting experts can be a great help here. They can lead the implementation effort while checking in with the various organizations at your company to make sure every leasing issue is covered. Every step of the way, they will make sure decisions will hold up to auditor scrutiny.

Benefit from Earlier Adopters of ASC 606 and ASC 842

Taking on these accounting standards can be overwhelming, but you have an advantage over the companies that have finished up their implementations. You can lean on the wisdom of finance and accounting pros who know these accounting standards inside and out, and are armed with best practices to make sure your implementations will be seamless and that your team knows what to do going forward.

Learn more about how our technical accounting experts help companies with their accounting standard implementations, and let us know about your most pressing accounting issue, so that we can get you through it.

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FASB’s Lease Accounting Delay and Private Companies: You’ll Need the Extra Time

A huge exhale! You either heard it or experienced the collective sigh of relief last week when the Financial Accounting Standards Board announced the delay of some rule implementation deadlines, including the effective date for the new lease accounting standard. Now private companies have until January 2021 to adopt ASC 842. So, is now a good time for a vacation? Probably not. View this reprieve as less of a break and more of an incentive to get cracking on accounting for the leases in your company—including the embedded leases you may still need to identify. There is work to be done, and you now have a bit more time to do it right.

It turns out that private companies truly need this “extra” time to implement the new standard, which public companies found to be more confusing and complicated than first expected. Several aspects of the rule tripped up public company lessees as they scrutinized their right-of-use assets and associated obligations and considered whether to move them out of the footnotes and onto their balance sheets. They wrung their hands over looking more leveraged and the best way to explain that to their investors. And they found themselves right up against the deadline for powering through what turned out to be quite a complex effort.

Why Private Companies Need More Time

FASB’s announcement that it’s delaying the effective dates of the lease accounting rule (in addition to other standards for credit losses, hedging, and some insurance contracts) wasn’t a surprise. The board proposed making these deferrals back in August.

While it was fair to feel relief when the announcement came through, this isn’t the time to procrastinate. The time that FASB is giving private companies is needed—all of it. Implementing this standard is so much harder and trickier than you think. Public companies, whose deadline for the leasing standard was this past January, found this out when they went through their implementations, and they needed a lot more resources to dedicate to this big project.

With the new extension, private companies have an opportunity to benefit from what public companies learned during their implementation efforts, be more deliberate in their efforts, put a smoother process in place, and possibly experience fewer questions by their auditors than they would have under the original time crunch.

The fact is that implementing the new lease accounting standard is challenging. Public companies struggled with a range of issues, from spending too much time on immaterial arrangements to inadvertently overlooking agreements that needed a closer look. Common challenges with the new way of accounting for leases include:

  • Finding embedded leases: Not every agreement at a company that would be considered a lease under the newest version of GAAP is explicitly labeled that way. For a service arrangement that spells out you have a right to use a particular asset and that asset cannot be substituted, you could have an embedded lease—if the vendor owns the asset but you control the economic benefit of the asset for a defined period of time. Some companies wrongly assume they don’t have embedded leases in service contracts or don’t realize how complicated it is to identify their embedded leases. And once you do find them, you’ll need an ongoing process for keeping tabs on embedded leases.

    Bottom line: If a contract includes a promise of an asset for a specific period of time, without substitution, it could qualify as a lease. This means companies need to look at their vendor arrangements for the possibility of embedded leases and come up with lease terms to describe those arrangements. Depending on the size of the company and its contracts, this could be a lengthy endeavor.
  • Accounting for costs: Another common challenge has involved recording expenses around lease agreements. ASC 842 tightened the definition of initial direct costs for obtaining a lease. These are the incremental costs of a lease that wouldn’t exist without the lease. Fewer lease origination costs will be capitalized under ASC 842 compared with ASC 840. The costs involved in negotiating or setting up a lease don’t count here, and separating these out will require close scrutiny. Having advised public companies in their recent ASC 842 implementations, RoseRyan can provide insights in this area as well as the others on this list.
  • Figuring out the incremental borrowing rate: Coming up with the incremental borrowing rate can be tricky as it’s not typically stated for an operating lease. This is “the rate of interest that a lessee would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis, over a similar term, at an amount equal to the lease payments, in a similar economic environment.” But there may not be a market benchmark to go by for, say, an office space. So, as the lessee, you may need to do some digging to factor in current market conditions and what interest rate a bank would charge your company as you determine this figure.
  • Researching technology options: Software options for keeping track of lease obligations are plentiful, and time is needed to figure out which one could be best for your company.

Lease Accounting: Next Steps

For private companies that haven’t yet started implementing ASC 842, now is the time to put a thoughtful plan in motion. Taking on the lease accounting standard can require input from all sides of the business while also educating other functions about what falls under the new standard. The finance team needs help, time, and resources as you work through understanding the various business arrangements that may contain embedded leases. There may be a need to revisit how agreements are made between the company and vendors. And you may want to include the insights of the IT team to bring in a new system.

Finance and accounting pros who have helped public companies through the process and know how to conquer the standard’s toughest challenges can be an incredibly valuable resource through it all.

For more key takeaways for private companies in the midst of adopting the leasing standard, check out the webinar “Get a Handle on Revenue Recognition and Lease Accounting Before It’s Too Late.”

As RoseRyan Director of Strategic Projects, Brooks Ensign oversees the growth and leads the team of a broad array of our finance and accounting solutions, including our highly regarded Technical Accounting Group. Before joining RoseRyan, Brooks served as an interim controller and SEC reporting consultant for both public and private companies. He was also the controller of Nervana Systems, an artificial intelligence startup that was acquired by Intel, and he led international corporate development transactions at Valeant Pharmaceuticals.

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